- Closing-cost credit: Reduces cash you need at the table. Useful if you’re tight on reserves or want to keep more money for moving, repairs, or an emergency fund.
- Temporary buydown (e.g., 2-1): Lowers your payment in the early years while you settle in, refinance later, or grow income.
- Permanent buydown (points): Can lower your rate for the life of the loan when the numbers work.